Now it’s a day to rest, a day to celebrate, a day to be with
our families for 24 hours. Meanwhile this day was brought into existence by the
second international, a pan-national organization of socialist and communist
political parties to commemorate the Haymarket affair which occurred in Chicago
on 4 may 1886
Haymarket affair
The Haymarket blast or Haymarket riot was the aftermath of a
bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday may 4 1886 at Haymarket
square in Chicago. This protest was said to have started as a peaceful rally in
support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the
killing of several workers. During the peaceful protest an unknown person threw
a dynamite bomb at police as they acted to disperse the public meeting.
The bomb blast that lead to gunfire from the police resulted
in deaths and scores of people were wounded. After the riots, eight anarchists
were later convicted for conspiracy through the internationally publicized
legal proceedings. Seven were sentenced to death and one to a term of 15 years
in prison.
The then governor of Illinois Richard J. Oglesby later
changed the death sentence of two of the defendants to life in prison. One of
the defendants committed suicide in jail rather than face the gallows while four
were hanged on Nov 11, 1887.
In 1893, a new governor emerged and pardoned the remaining
defendants and criticized the trial.
The Haymarket affair is generally considered significant as
the origin of international workers day or May Day and the point of the
incident still remains remarkable in Chicago till present.
Not minding the repression and several discouraging achiness
that came up after the May 4 bombing, the Chicago wage earners only linked
their forces and stiffened their resistance.
Popular pressure continued for the establishment of the
8-hour day, leading to a convention of the American federation of labor (AFL)
in 1888, the union decided to campaign for the 8-hour day again, 1 may
1890 was agreed upon for workers to strike in pursue of eight-hour work day. In
1891, the second international recognized May Day as annual event. In 1904
social democratic party were called on to demonstrate actively on May first to
establish eight hours work day and get workers rights. Unions of all countries were
urged to go on strike on May 1, wherever it is possible without injury to the
workers.
Today we celebrate past heroes and freedom. Happy
international workers day.